Economic Research Forum (ERF)

Taxation in MENA: composition, trends and policy options

Governments in the Middle East and North Africa face great uncertainty in estimating the ramifications of the pandemic for their ...


Tourism in MENA after Covid-19: from shock to structural transformation

Covid-19 is likely to result in profound changes to the attitudes, concerns and travel preferences of tourists. This column argues ...


Economic consequences of Covid-19: a counterfactual multi-country analysis

The Covid-19 pandemic poses formidable challenges to policy-makers and to the empirical analysis of its effects within the interconnected global ...


The impact of Covid-19 on the tourism sector in MENA

Following the big fall in international tourist arrivals in the Middle East and North Africa early in the pandemic, some ...


External debt vulnerability in the time of Covid-19

Covid-19 is threatening emerging markets and developing economies in multiple ways. As this column explains, these countries are even more ...


Late-movers outperform first-movers in export markets

The relationship between first-movers and late-movers in export markets has important policy implications. First-movers need to be productive enough to ...


Financing a comprehensive and equitable Covid-19 response

Some say our hopes for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) may already be a fading dream, especially for the ...


Covid-19 aggravates Jordan’s acute youth employment challenges

The tough response by Jordan’s government to the global pandemic has protected public health but exacted a sharp economic toll ...