Economic and political populism – and an application to Turkey
Populist governments often practice ‘election economics’, boosting public spending ahead of a vote to attract more support and reining it ...
Three types of populism: economic, political and cultural
Governments that stimulate the economy before elections by increasing transfer payments, authoritarian leaders who suppress opposition and undermine institutions that ...
Kuwaiti small businesses after the pandemic: time for a new social contract
Has the Covid-19 outbreak been a blessing in disguise for the social contract for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in ...
Improving access to finance and social cohesion in MENA
The Covid-19 crisis is exacerbating income inequalities in the Middle East and North Africa, pushing many vulnerable people into poverty ...
Oil rents and Iran’s middle class
Iran’s middle class has experienced persistent expansion over the past 50 years, excluding the period coinciding with revolutionary turmoil and ...
Covid-19 impacts could be severe and long-lasting for developing countries
The United Nations High-level Advisory Board on Economic and Social Affairs, of which ERF Managing Director Ibrahim Elbadawi is a ...
Living with debt: how institutions can chart a path to recovery in MENA
- Roberta V. Gatti,
- Daniel Lederman,
- Ha Nguyen,
- Sultan Abdulaziz Alturki,
- Rachel Yuting Fan,
- Asif Islam and
- Claudio Rojas
Public debt has been a critical tool for governments dealing with Covid-19, but it is a double-edged sword: as the ...
Access to finance for Egypt’s private sector during the pandemic
In response to the global pandemic, public authorities in Egypt responded with a comprehensive package aimed at tackling the health ...